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Swedish orthography is the system used to write the Swedish language. It uses a 29-letter alphabet based on the modern 26-letter basic Latin alphabet plus 3 other letters: 'å', 'ä' and 'ö', sorted after the letter 'z'. ==Alphabet== The 29-letter form of the alphabet has been in use for many decades, with the 26-letter modern Latin alphabet, and the 3 added letters 'å', 'ä' and 'ö', which come after the letter 'z'; hence words beginning with those letters would be found near the end of a typical Swedish dictionary. The use of the letters 'q' and 'w' is very rare, and up to 2006, the 'v' and 'w' were often combined in the collating sequence under 'v'. Before the 19th century, 'w' used to be interchangeable with 'v' ('w' was used in Fraktur, 'v' in Antiqua). Official orthographic standards since 1801 use only 'v', except in names and foreign words. The letter 'q' was commonly used in ordinary words before 1889, when its replacement by 'k' was allowed; since 1900, only the forms with 'k' are listed in dictionaries. Some loan words have 'q' as discussed below. Many family names still use 'q' and 'w'. Until the 13th edition of ''Svenska Akademiens ordlista'' (The Swedish Academy's Orthographic Dictionary) in 2006, the letters 'v' and 'w' were collated together. In addition to the basic twenty-six letters, 'a'-'z', the Swedish alphabet includes three letters in the final positions: 'å', 'ä' and 'ö'. These are distinct letters in Swedish and are sorted after 'z' as shown above. Since they do not mark grammatical variation, as the umlaut can in the German alphabet, or separate syllables, as does the diaeresis, it is not correct to call them ''umlauts'', despite the lack of a better term in English. The umlauted 'ü' is recognised, but is only used in names of German origin, as well as the loanword ''müsli''. It is otherwise treated as a variant of 'y' and is called a "German Y". In Swedish, 'y' is a vowel, and is pronounced as a consonant only in certain loanwords as a variant of 'j'. The characters 'à' (which is used only in the loanword ''à'', from French) and 'é' (used in some integrated loan words like ''idé'' and ''armé'', and in some surnames such as ''Rosén'' or ''Löfvén'') are regarded simply as variants of 'a' and 'e', respectively. The letter 'q' is only used for a few loanwords, like ''queer'', ''quisling'', ''squash'' and ''quilting'', student terms such as ''gasque'' in Swedish, or for family names, and foreign geographic names, like ''Qatar''. The letters 'w' and 'z' are used for names, and also for a few loanwords such as "zon" which means "zone". ''á'' is a Swedish (old-fashioned) word, while 'à' is used in a few rare non-integrated loanwords. For Swedish native personal names, 'ü' and 'è' and others are also used. For foreign names, 'ç', 'ë', 'í', 'õ', 'ñ' and many others might be used, but are usually converted to 'e', 'i', 'o', etc. Swedish newspapers and magazines have a tendency only to use letters available on the keyboard. 'à', 'ë', 'í', 'ñ', etc. are available on Swedish keyboards with a little effort, but usually not 'æ' and 'ø' (used in Danish and Norwegian), so they are usually substituted by 'ae' or 'ä', and 'ö'. The news agency TT follows this usage since some newspapers have no technical support for 'æ' and 'ø',〔http://www.tt.se/ttsprak/skrivregler/previewPage.aspx?chapter=12&page=0&xml=ttspraket.xml&template=ttspraket.inc〕 although there is a recommendation to use 'æ' and 'ø'. The national population register has traditionally only used the letters 'a'~'z', 'å', 'ä', 'ö', 'ü', 'é', so immigrants with other Latin letters in their names have had their diacritic marks stripped (and æ/ø converted to ä/ö), although recently more diacritics have been allowed.〔http://www.ratsit.se has a copy of the national population and tax register and there all diacritics incl æ,ç,ñ,ø are stripped except that å,ä,ö,ü,é are kept, except for a few people. There are for example 580 people named Francois and 20 named François.〕 The difference between the Danish/Norwegian and the Swedish alphabet is that Danish/Norwegian uses the variant Æ instead of Ä, and the variant Ø instead of Ö. Also, the collating order for these three letters is different: Æ, Ø, Å. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Swedish orthography」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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